Rambling in the Gaddi Heartland of Himachal Pradesh - May 2012

Ever since I had read some time in 1989, Christina Noble's book Over The High Passes - A year in the Himalayas with the migratory Gaddi shepherds (Collins, 1987), I have been fascinated by all things connected with Gaddis including their villages and the high altitude Himalayan passes which they cross twice over the years during summer and autumn months. After reading the book, I get an impression that among the shepherds of the Himalayas, Gaddis are the one who undertake the longest march of migration with their flocks from the lower hills of Kangra and Palampur to as far as the Lahul Valley after crossing the most inhospitable high passes of the Himalayas such as  Kalicho Pass (4990m), Chobia Pass (4966m) and Kugti Pass (5040m). During my younger days, I had a wish that I should try replicating a part of the Gaddis's migratory route not in one go but by way of a series of treks. But this remained my a distant dream. 

My first exposure to the land of Gaddis was in August 1994 when I and my friend decided to undertake Manimahesh Lake trek. This was my first trek in the heart of Gadderan  - the land of Gaddis with Bharmour as our base. After completion of Manimahesh Lake trek, I had intended to visits some nearby villages but my friend's eagerness to return home after the completion of the trek led me the abandon the plan. Thereafter, I had no occasion to trek in Himachal Pradesh though I visited the state twice with my family as tourists.


When my friend K Srinivasan (KS) telephoned me some time in the last week of March this year to plan for a quick trek with a narrow time slot - last week of May to early June, I thought of reviving one of my oldest wish of exploring the migratory routes of Gaddis. This plan suited KS as well as after doing a series of treks in Uttarakhand, he wanted a change of trekking scene and HP was foremost in his mind. Since we were not familiar with logistics that goes with treks in HP, we decided that we would first plan to visit Chamba-Bharmour and decided the areas to be explored by treks cum road journey. In a way, this was my first tryst with unplanned trip.


Days 1 & 2 : Mumbai-Pathankot-Bharmour
The first challenge was the booking of to and fro train tickets as we were to travel in the peak of summer holidays. While we could get the tickets for Mumbai-NewDelhi-Mumbai and Chakki Bank- Delhi,  New-Delhi-Chakki Bank/Pathankot tickets were wait-listed and did get confirmed even at the time of chart preparation. So we had to take a Valvo AC Sleeper Bus going to Katra leaving from New Delhi (Pahad Ganj) at 07.30 pm at the last minute inflated price. However, the bus journey was comfortable and we had a nice sleep in the bus. After leaving Delhi, the bus stopped only at one place – Kurushetra for dinner.

As we were some 17 kms short of Chakki by-pass, our bus broke down at around 5.30 am. Realising that it was a major break down and it may take a long time to set it right, at around 6.30 am, we decided to take chances by waving to passing private tourist buses. But being the peak of the travel season, none of the bus would stop as they did not have seats. Finally, a private tourist bus stopped to our request. At first, the bus conductor refused but the driver of the bus,  accommodated us on the back of driver’s seat and dropped us at Chakki by-pass. We immediately got an auto rickshaw to reach Pathankot bus stand (4 kms).

After freshening up and finishing a light breakfast at the Pathankot bus stand, we boarded the 08.45 am HPRTC’s bus to Bharmour via Bannikhet and Chamba. The bus took about 9 hours to cover a distance of 177 km. Almost entire road journey was on a hill road involving climbs. The bus took some 3-4 longer stops enroute probably to cool down the engine and also for lunch and tea breaks. We reached Bharmour (2190m) at 6.00 pm. After experiencing a very warm day during our bus journey, it was a pleasant weather at Bharmour. We checked in to Chaurasi Hotel, some 500m away from the bus stand ( @Rs.400/- double bed with 24 hours hot water and TV). The room was spacious and clean. The food was good at our hotel's restaurant. After a grueling journey of about 40 hours (Mumbai-Bharmour), we had a sound sleep in the night.  

View of Bharmour from Chaurasi Hotel where we stayed.

 Another view from our hotel room. In the foreground is PWD Rest House (green roof).

Day-3 : Bharmour-Brahmani Mata temple-Chaurasi temple complex.

I got up at around 7.00 am to a overcast sky. A peep through the window glass indicated that it had rained in the night or early morning and it was still drizzling. I could hear the distance sound of thundering. We went for the breakfast in our hotel's restaurant at 8.30 am where we met an elderly couple. They had come from Chandigarh in their self driven car and were staying in the PWD Rest House located at the road below our hotel. The elderly gentleman turned out to be a retired Air Marshal probably in late 70s who had come in Bharmour to enjoy a couple of days in the lap of the nature. It was not only a pleasure meeting them but it turned out that both were travel buffs like us. During the breakfast, we shared our many travel experiences. At the end of our breakfast, we were no longer strangers and we felt as if we knew them for a long time. They invited us to their PWD Rest House in the evening for a further tete-a-tete which we accepted. 

After the breakfast, our first destination was a 3 km trek to Brahmani Mata temple. After a walk on a narrow road which goes skirting the main gate of the Chourasi temple, the path goes through various alleys of the villages up to Melkota, the last village before the Brahmani Mata temple. One could easily get lost in the various alleys but for the well marked direction enroute. The weather was good for the trek as it was drizzling most of the time followed by some sunny intermissions. When we were walking through Melkota village, we got trapped in heavy showers. Seeing stranded, a man sitting in the balcony called us to his house to take shelter for some time. His name was Bikramjit Thakur and he was one of the trustees of the Brahmani Mata temple. We spent about 30 minutes in his house during which he served tea for us and discuss the background of Brahmani Mata temple. All I  could remember now was that Brahmani Mata was Parvati who came to Chaurasi temple complex for mediating. Disturbed by pilgrims, she decided to move out at a secluded place on a ridge not far off from Bharmour for continuing her meditation. Lord Shiva who was also meditating at Manimahesh Kailas  came to Chaurasi temple complex.  After knowing that Parvati had gone to Brahmani ridge, he gave her a boon that henceforth all pilgrims going for Manimahesh yatra would first visit Brahmani ridge to take a bath in the pond before embarking on to Manimahesh Kailas yatra. Otherwise the yatra would not be considered as completed. Bikramjit also revealed that during the yatra season (June-September), he accommodates yatris in his house free of cost.  

When the rain stopped, we took leave of Bikramjit Thakur and continued our trek by which time, we had already covered half the distance. After Melkota village, the trek was on a cemented path in the open with steady climb. From here, the views of Melkota village as well as Bharmour were scenic with  most of the hill slopes covered with apple orchards. There were two gates on the trek route located roughly at the end of one and two kms of walk. from the  second gate, the temple complex with two steams flowing by the side of it became visible but not the main temple.


We reached the temple complex around 12 noon. The temple was located just below the ridge with 3-4 water springs flowing from its front side. There were two ponds within the temple complex. Presently, bathing in the pond just front of the temple is not permitted. However, one can sprinkle water taken from it over one’s head to symbolically complete the bath ritual. The temple is located in a scenic place surrounded the dense lines of pine trees at upper elevation and meadows on the lower elevation.  This is one of the temples in this region which Gaddis visit to seek Goddess’s blessings for the safe passage during their migration with flocks to the higher reaches of the Pir Panjal range. I met one Gaddi shepherd with his flock of goat and sheep. To my query as to when he is going to cross Kugti Pass, he said due to large accumulation of snow over the passes, this year, the pass may open later than what it generally used to be. So he would be spending 3-4 days here with this flocks before starting his journey to Duggi caves via Kugti and Kartik Swami (Kelang) temple. To my question as to why they take so much risk to cross high passes for getting into Lahul valley for grazing, he said that grass over Lahul valley was more nutrient for goat and sheep resulting in softer sheep wool( pashmina wool) besides flocks gaining  more weights (adding meat quantity).

After spending about 45 minutes at the temple, we started return journey to Bharmour. The weather continued to be alternating between light rains and sunny. We  return to our hotel and had a lunch in its restaurant before taking an afternoon siesta. In any case, we would not have liked to roam around Bharmour when it was raining and the streets were muddy.

In the evening, we visited Chaurasi temple complex. The day long cloud cover was getting cleared and we could see snow clad mountains behind the Manimahesh  and Narsimha temples. Like Chougan in Chamba, Chaurasi temple complex is a meeting place for people of Bharmour. So there were many people in the temple complex standing and sitting in groups for chit chats. In the night we visited PWD Rest House to call on the retired Air Marshal M M Singh and his wife as agreed during the morning breakfast. In the sitting room there were another couple – retired Commodore Inderjit Singh Sandhu and his wife. We had  discussion mainly on travels as we all were avid travellers. After more than hour’s tete-a-tete, we took leave of retired air force officials and took dinner in our hotel’s restaurant. Since we were to depart for Kugti village the next day, we segregated our luggage from those to be left behind in the hotel and those to be taken on our 3 days’ sojourn in around Kugti.

Some pictures of Day-3 are uploaded below: 

Back side view of Manimahesh temple in Chaurasi temple complex as we were on our way to Brahmani Mata temple.

Red vented Bulbul on our path to Brahmani Mata temple.

View of Bharmour town from half way path to Brahmani Mata temple.

 School children from Melkota village during their recess.

 Path to Brahmani Mata temple after Melkota village.

    View of Melkota village, the last village on the way to Brahmani Mata temple.

Wild flowers on way to Brahmani Mata temple.    

Climb on a zig zag route as we are in about 1 km distance from the temple. 

Brahmani Mata temple (right) with holy pond in the foreground

Zoom shot of snow clad mountains forming backdrop to the temple.

Manimahesh temple in Chaurasi temple complex.

Snow clad mountain forming backdrop to Manimahesh temple.

Narsimha temple in Chaurasi temple complex.

Intricate wood carvings on the main door of Lakshna Devi temple inside Chaurasi temple complex.

Wood carved pillars and lion at the sanctum of Lakshana Devi temple.

Day-4 : Bharmour-Dharol-Kugti

On the previous day, we had firm up with a guide recommended by our hotel to accompany us for our trek to  Kugti and Kartik Swami (Kelang) temple  and weather permitting, also to Duggi caves. Actually, there was no need for a guide up to Kartik Swami temple as the trail was well marked and in case of doubt, we could got the guidance from some villagers and mule men were  seen on the Kugti village route. But we thought that having a guide could be handy especially if we decide to do some side treks.

Being Sunday, everything was in slow pace in Bharmour. But our hired Alto had already arrived outside our hotel to pick us for drop to Dharol, the last road head for Kugti. Our hotel restaurant was not opened even at 8.00 a.m. So after a quick breakfast at the only dabha opened near PWD Rest House, we departed at 8.30 am for Dharol (22 kms) by Alto (Rs.600/- for a drop).  Since road is mostly muddy  with potholes in some places, it took about 1 hours to reach Dharol ( 2300m). Presently, a small car like Alto can go about 2 kms further from Dharol. However, due to some blasting work, the last stretch of the road beyond Dharol was closed. After about 200m further from Dharol, we descended steeply to a small stream followed by equally steep climb to the same road to continue our trekking on the proposed road path. The weather was sunny and very warm but the occasional  cool breeze helped us in overcoming the heat. The trek path ( or the proposed road) to Kugti runs parallel to Budhil river on the right. Being the route of the proposed road, it was a little longer (7 kms) than the usual trek route which goes through the other side of Budhil river. But the advantage of the road route was that ascends and descends were moderate as compared to the traditional trek route as told to us by our guide.

At around half way to Kugti village, we met Thakur Singh Bharmouri, the local MLA who was coming with his followers after spending the night in Kugti village, a part of his assembly constituency. After exchange of pleasantries, he enquired with us whether we need any help. We replied in negative but requested him for the sake of Kugti villagers to at least hasten the completion of the road to Kugti. He assured us that the remaining part of the road to Kugti would be completed within one year. Looking at the topography of the remaining section of the proposed road and the inaccessibility of the place during winter months, I feel that it would be impossible to complete the remaining stretch of the road within one year.

About 2 kms from the Kugti village, we had to cross a small stream after which it was more or less a straight walk up to Kugti village. At the meeting point of this stream with Budhil river, there was a stretch of a plain meadow where a building for a high school is under construction. In fact, some of the high school classes have already started operating from this place. This  meadow in front of the school is being used by trekkers as camping site. From this point, Kugti village is about 2 kms of straight walk on the proposed road which ends at the gate of PWD/Forest Rest House. Kugti village is located about 500m from this place.  We reached Kugti village (2560m) around 12.30 pm. We had thought of staying at the Forest  Rest House but got the news that after being used by the MLA’s followers, the place was not in a living condition due to choking of bathroom/toilet drainage. So we stayed in the house of Tara Chand on the first floor (Rs.200/- double bed+Rs.50/- per head each for breakfast, lunch and dinner).

In the evening, we went for a stroll in the main part of the village. Kugti village is divided into two parts – Lower Kugti with about 80 houses and upper Kugti with about 60 houses. The population of the village is about 1000 and almost all are Gaddis. The village has electricity and the good thing about it was that during our 3 days of stay, only once the electricity tripped.  There are no telephone and mobile connectivity though there are at least  two places in the village where one can have access to satellite telephones.  In our home stay, the owner had satellite TV connection. In fact, he invited us in his room for watching the final of IPL match. I found almost all the youngsters of the village having mobile phones which they use for listening MP3 songs but it becomes handy when they visit Bharmour or other nearby villages having mobile connectivity. Agriculture is the main occupation of the villagers with Rajma beans and potatoes being the main crops. Earlier, they were growing corns but due to bear menace, the villagers have almost stopped growing this crop which is a favourite of the Himalayan bears. While we were on the stroll, suddenly it started raining heavily. After waiting for about 30 minutes, we decided to go back to the comfort of our room rather than chilling out in the open. After a dinner of rajma-rice-roti, herbal chutney and pickle, we retired for the day praying for a clear weather the next day for our trek to Kartik Swami (Kelang) temple. 

Some pictures of Day-4 are uploaded below:

At this point of Dharol, our trek started for Kugti village.

Dharol hamlet seen from the trek path.

Manmahesh Kailash sub range seen from the trekking path to Kugti.

View of some more snow clad peaks. 

After about 2 kms of trek which was on the proposed road, the path becomes narrow.

Budhil river seen to our right from the trek path.

The narrow trek path continues but Budhil river (left of the picture) is unseen in the gorge.

Some glimpse of Kugti village is seen through the zoom shot but it still 3 kms away. The read roof house in the middle is PWD Rest House and a house above it is Forest Rest House.

Some more unnamed snow clad peaks are seen.

This is the place about 2 kms before Kugti village on the banks of Budhil river where a high school building is under construction. The rectangular shaped open space is used as a campsite for trekkers. 

Kugti village seen from about one km of distance.

Our home stay in Kugti village.

Kugti villagers playing some Mahabharat type games. 

Day-5 : Kugti-Kartik Swami Temple-Kugti

I got up at 6.00 am and was happy to see a sunny morning. The weather was pleasant even in the early morning at this altitude when one would expect it to be cold. After the breakfast of aloo parathas, we left Kugti at around 8.45 am for a 6km Kartik Swami temple trek. After passing through the lower Kugti village, we crossed the make shift iron bridge with wooden planks over a stream and climbed another 100m to reach at a place from where the path bifurcates – Manimahesh parikrama (circular) route to the straight after crossing a bridge over Budhil river and  Kartik Swami to the left. The trail was a gradual climb up to the next about 2 kms after which it swirled to the left behind a mountain. At this point, we could still see lower Kugti village and a solitary house of upper Kugti. The trail continued on a gradual climb with intermittent descends. On both sides of Budhil river there were terraced fields belonging to Kugti villagers. Since the sky was clear, we could see many snow clad mountains and peaks – one of which was the holy Manimahesh Kailash.

When we were just short of about 2 kms from the Kartik Swami temple, we had to cross a small stream after which the trail turned into a steep climb up to the temple gate. At some places, it was slippery. We were fortunate that it had not rained. Otherwise, we could have tough time in descending this path while returning. The dense pine tree forest which we saw on both sides of Budhil river has now become sparse with shorter height. Just before 100m to the temple gate, the spring water oozing out of a galvanised pipe gave us a welcome respite from thirst. We reached the temple at 12 noon. The priest was present when we went inside the temple. This temple is revered by both Gaddis as well as the people from other side of Pir Panjal range – Lahulis. This temple is opened only during summer and autumn months as at an altitude of 3100m, the place is heavily snow bound in winter. There is a wooden house inside the temple complex where a few can stay overnight provided they carry sleeping bag or blankets. There is a lone dabha just outside the temple complex where one can have tea and biscuits. About 100m further up on the way to Duggi caves route, there is another temple called Marla Mata temple. In fact, the main Marla Mata temple is located on a high cliff of the opposite side of the mountain. This temple is for those who are not able visit the main temple due to its steep climb. I could see the traces of blood on the entrance to Marla Mata temple – probably a goat/sheep sacrifice which is a common ritual among the Gaddis to seek the blessing of the Goddess for the safe passage when they take their flocks to Lahul valley after crossing the treacherous Kugti Pass (5040m).       

We left the temple complex at around 1.00 pm and were back in home stay in Kugti by 3.00 pm. Rest of the day was spent in Kugti village.

Some pictures of Day-5 are uploaded below :

    The stream coming from upper Kugti turns into waterfalls at the end of lower Kugti village.

 Lower Kugti village seen from the eastern side.

 The trail to the left is for Kartik Swami while on the right is a part of Manimahesh Kailash Parikrama. Due to dense vegetation, Budhil river (in the middle) is not visible.

The snow clad mountains - a part of Manimahesh Kailash sub-range.

Another side of the snow clad mountains with some unnamed peaks.

Terraced fields on both sides of Budhil river on the route to Kartik Swami temple is a common site. 



At this point the trail swirls towards the left behind the mountain.



This is the last we see of lower Kugti (left) and higher Kugti (right)



Manimahesh Kailash peak on the left and unnamed peak on the right.



Another mountain range with some unnamed peaks.



The snow clad mountains in front of the Kartik Swami temple (extreme left)



The trail seen from the top point just before Kartik Swami temple.

Resting point just 1 km short of destination. Kartik Swami temple behind us. From the wide angle picture, the trail looks like a gentle climb, in reality, this one km of stretch is the steepest climb on this trail.

Very close to Kartik Swami temple.



The water spring said to contain some 27 minerals. I tasted the water which was hard. The place where the water falls has turned orange in colour probably due to minerals' reaction on the surface.



The idol of Kartik Swami on the left.



Marla Mata temple. the original temple is on a high mountain cliff ( top).



The location of Kartik Swami temple seen from Marla Mata temple.

Video of Kartik Swami temple, Kugti

Day-6 : Kugti-Dharol-Bharmour

In the previous day, we were debating whether it would be a worthwhile to undertake a day trek to a part of Manimahesh Kailash Parikrama trek, the trail which we saw outside Kugti village. The plus point of this trek according to our guide was that we would get a closure view of snow clad Manimahesh Kailash sub-range and a longish high altitude meadow where Gaddis camp with their flocks in summer. The minus point about this trek, in our view,  was that we would see the same mountain range and the same scenarios as we saw while trekking to Kartik Swami temple.  We ultimately decided to drop the idea and instead planned our visit to Holi village the next day from Bharmour.

After breakfast, we started our return journey to Bharmour at 10.00 am. Being mostly the descend, the 7 km trek to Dharol was completed in 2 hours 15 minutes. We had pre-arranged Alto car to pick us at 12 noon from Dharol. After spending about 45 minutes at Dharol, our car did come on time. In a way, it was good that we pre-arranged the car. The alternative – share sumo was going to be a tough option for oldies like us as we saw that the sumo was overcrowded with 14 persons inside and a couple of persons on the top of the carrier.

It took about one hour for our car to reach Bharmour. We checked in our earlier hotel – Chaurasi Hotel where we had left our luggage. We had lunch in the hotel’s restaurant. Rest of the day was spent in Bharmour.

Day-7 : Bharmour-Holi-Chamba

We had firmed up with our Alto car driver to take us to Holi village and then drop to Chamba @Rs.2600/- (whole day). After breakfast, we checked out from the hotel by which time our car driver had already parked his car outside the hotel. We started for Holi around 9.30 a.m. At Khadamukh which is at at distance of 14 kms from Bharmour, the road bifurcates – to Holi (24 kms) to the left and to Chamba on the right. Khadamukh is a awesome place where one can see the tall and almost vertical mountains on all the sides. At this place, Budhil river joins Ravi river. The Budhil gorge is so deep that we cannot see the river from the road side.

The road to Holi from Khadamukh though a single lane is in a better condition than Bharmour-Hadsar road. The whole route to Holi is very scenic with Ravi river on the left, terraced fields on high mountains and apple orchards on the slopes of lower hills. On the way there are villages like Gorala, Dilli etc which are scenic. We reached Holi village around 11.15 a.m. After having a short tea break, we walked towards a cemented bridge over Holi stream.  After crossing the bridge, we had two options – continue the walk on the road which was in fact circular road which meets the same bridge via the staircase of PWD/Forest Rest House or climb the stair case to reach the PWD/Forest Rest Houses and take the circular road to come back on the bus stand. We did the latter as we were keen to see almost 270 degree view from the top of Holi village. From the PWD Rest House lawn, we saw the snow bound Talang Pass. The pass looked like  a vertical snow wall. The Chowkidar of PWD Rest House told me that Talang Pass was one of the most difficult passes on the Dhuladhar range and due to its high altitude and almost vertical climb. The pass normally opens towards the end of July. This year, he said, the pass may not open until early August due to a high level of snow accumulation.

Holi is a very scenic village located at the banks of Ravi river with a backdrop of Talang Pass and other snow clad mountains. It is a place for doing nothing but relaxation if one is able to get the booking of PWD/Forest Rest Houses which are located in a very strategic place for viewing scenic beauties. The architecture of some of the houses show that the people here are financially well off. Holi is also the base for some of the high altitudes treks such as Jalsu Pass (3600m), Talang Pass (4643m), Waru Pass (3850m) and Kalah Pass (4720m).

After spending about one hour in Holi, we started our journey for Chamba which is about 75 kms from Holi. We reached Chamba around 2.30 p.m.  We checked in HPTDC’s Iravati Hotel and had our lunch in its restaurant which was very good. Surprisingly, despite a very warm weather outside, our non-AC room was cool. In the evening, I ventured out to take a stroll around Chougan.  Since we had a late lunch, we skipped dinner.

With this, our main part of trek cum trip came to an end. After spending a day in Chamba to visit Lakshminarayan temple complex, Bhuri Singh museum and Chamnuda Devi temple, we left Chamba for Dalhousie via Kajjiar to enjoy the cool weather for a couple of days before returning home via Chakki Bank.

Some pictures of Day-7 and thereafter are uploaded below:   

      

    Khadamukh from where bifurcation to Holi and Hadsar originates.

Ravi river gorge on way to Holi village



A Max crosses the suspension bridge over Ravi river. When the Max was driven over the bridge, it was swaying.



Holi village with its Bus/taxi stand seen from PWD Rest House.



A bridge over Holi stream.



View from Forest Rest House, Holi


View of Talang Pass from PWD Rest House lawn.


Holi village to the left and Ravi river to the right.


Laxminarayan Temple complex, Chamba.


View of Chougan, Chamba from Chamunda Devi Temple.


Chamunda Devi Temple


View of terraced fields from Chamba-Kajjiar road.


Kajjair meadow


Kajjiar meadow with HPTDC's Kajji Cottage in the background.


Dalhousie seen from road to Subhash chowk.



View of Dhauladhar ranges from Hotel Manimahesh, Dalhousie.